Facilitation of beamforming utilizing interpolation for 5g or other next generation network

ABSTRACT

Disaggregated wireless radio access networks can utilize a lower physical split architecture with open fronthaul between the radio unit and distributed baseband units. A split architecture is one in which the analogue radio front-end and the digital baseband processor in a radio are not co-located. Instead, these components are connected via a fronthaul transport network. Therefore, the baseband unit can transmit two beamforming matrices for every contiguous resource block occupied by a user. The radio unit can then interpolate between these two beamforming matrices for each of the RE inside of the resource block based on the baseband unit and the radio unit agreeing upon a method of interpolation to generate beamforming matrices per resource element.

RELATED APPLICATION

The subject patent application is a continuation of, and claims priorityto, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/212,940, filed Mar. 25, 2021,and entitled “FACILITATION OF BEAMFORMING UTILIZING INTERPOLATION FOR 5GOR OTHER NEXT GENERATION NETWORK,” the entirety of which priorityapplication is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to facilitating beamforming utilizinginterpolation. For example, this disclosure relates to facilitatingtransmission of beamforming coefficients across a radio access networkfronthaul for a 5G, or other next generation network, air interface.

BACKGROUND

5th generation (5G) wireless systems represent a next major phase ofmobile telecommunications standards beyond the currenttelecommunications standards of 4th generation (4G). Rather than fasterpeak Internet connection speeds, 5G planning aims at higher capacitythan current 4G, allowing a higher number of mobile broadband users perarea unit, and allowing consumption of higher or unlimited dataquantities. This would enable a large portion of the population tostream high-definition media many hours per day with their mobiledevices, when out of reach of wireless fidelity hotspots. 5G researchand development also aims at improved support of machine-to-machinecommunication, also known as the Internet of things, aiming at lowercost, lower battery consumption, and lower latency than 4G equipment.

The above-described background relating to beamforming utilizinginterpolation is merely intended to provide a contextual overview ofsome current issues, and is not intended to be exhaustive. Othercontextual information may become further apparent upon review of thefollowing detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the subject disclosureare described with reference to the following figures, wherein likereference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various viewsunless otherwise specified.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system in which anetwork node device (e.g., network node) and user equipment (UE) canimplement various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram of a cloudradio access network architecture according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram of amessaging format for beamforming weights according to one or moreembodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram of amessaging format for interpolated beamforming weight transmissionaccording to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram of aninterpolation process according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example flow diagram for a method for facilitatingbeamforming utilizing interpolation for a 5G network according to one ormore embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example flow diagram for a system for facilitatingbeamforming utilizing interpolation for a 5G network according to one ormore embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example flow diagram for a machine-readable mediumfor facilitating beamforming utilizing interpolation for a 5G networkaccording to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example block diagram of an example mobile handsetoperable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates securewireless communication according to one or more embodiments describedherein.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example block diagram of an example computeroperable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates securewireless communication according to one or more embodiments describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth toprovide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. One skilled inthe relevant art will recognize, however, that the techniques describedherein can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, orwith other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances,well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown ordescribed in detail to avoid obscuring certain aspects.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” or “anembodiment,” means that a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment is includedin at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in oneembodiment,” “in one aspect,” or “in an embodiment,” in various placesthroughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, orcharacteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments.

As utilized herein, terms “component,” “system,” “interface,” and thelike are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, hardware,software (e.g., in execution), and/or firmware. For example, a componentcan be a processor, a process running on a processor, an object, anexecutable, a program, a storage device, and/or a computer. By way ofillustration, an application running on a server and the server can be acomponent. One or more components can reside within a process, and acomponent can be localized on one computer and/or distributed betweentwo or more computers.

Further, these components can execute from various machine-readablemedia having various data structures stored thereon. The components cancommunicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance witha signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one componentinteracting with another component in a local system, distributedsystem, and/or across a network, e.g., the Internet, a local areanetwork, a wide area network, etc. with other systems via the signal).

As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specificfunctionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric orelectronic circuitry; the electric or electronic circuitry can beoperated by a software application or a firmware application executed byone or more processors; the one or more processors can be internal orexternal to the apparatus and can execute at least a part of thesoftware or firmware application. As yet another example, a componentcan be an apparatus that provides specific functionality throughelectronic components without mechanical parts; the electroniccomponents can include one or more processors therein to executesoftware and/or firmware that confer(s), at least in part, thefunctionality of the electronic components. In an aspect, a componentcan emulate an electronic component via a virtual machine, e.g., withina cloud computing system.

The words “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” are used herein to meanserving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance ofdoubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by suchexamples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as“exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meantto preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known tothose of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that theterms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used ineither the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intendedto be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an opentransition word—without precluding any additional or other elements.

As used herein, the term “infer” or “inference” refers generally to theprocess of reasoning about, or inferring states of, the system,environment, user, and/or intent from a set of observations as capturedvia events and/or data. Captured data and events can include user data,device data, environment data, data from sensors, sensor data,application data, implicit data, explicit data, etc. Inference can beemployed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate aprobability distribution over states of interest based on aconsideration of data and events, for example.

Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composinghigher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inferenceresults in the construction of new events or actions from a set ofobserved events and/or stored event data, whether the events arecorrelated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and datacome from one or several event and data sources. Various classificationschemes and/or systems (e.g., support vector machines, neural networks,expert systems, Bayesian belief networks, fuzzy logic, and data fusionengines) can be employed in connection with performing automatic and/orinferred action in connection with the disclosed subject matter.

In addition, the disclosed subject matter can be implemented as amethod, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programmingand/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware,or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement thedisclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as usedherein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device, machine-readable device, computer-readablecarrier, computer-readable media, or machine-readable media. Forexample, computer-readable media can include, but are not limited to, amagnetic storage device, e.g., hard disk; floppy disk; magneticstrip(s); an optical disk (e.g., compact disk (CD), a digital video disc(DVD), a Blu-ray Disc™ (BD)); a smart card; a flash memory device (e.g.,card, stick, key drive); and/or a virtual device that emulates a storagedevice and/or any of the above computer-readable media.

As an overview, various embodiments are described herein to facilitatebeamforming utilizing interpolation for a 5G air interface or other nextgeneration networks. For simplicity of explanation, the methods aredepicted and described as a series of acts. It is to be understood andappreciated that the various embodiments are not limited by the actsillustrated and/or by the order of acts. For example, acts can occur invarious orders and/or concurrently, and with other acts not presented ordescribed herein. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts may be desiredto implement the methods. In addition, the methods could alternativelybe represented as a series of interrelated states via a state diagram orevents. Additionally, the methods described hereafter are capable ofbeing stored on an article of manufacture (e.g., a machine-readablemedium) to facilitate transporting and transferring such methodologiesto computers. The term article of manufacture, as used herein, isintended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device, carrier, or media, including a non-transitorymachine-readable medium.

It should be noted that although various aspects and embodiments havebeen described herein in the context of 5G, Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS), and/or Long Term Evolution (LTE), orother next generation networks, the disclosed aspects are not limited to5G, a UMTS implementation, and/or an LTE implementation as thetechniques can also be applied in 3G, 4G or LTE systems. For example,aspects or features of the disclosed embodiments can be exploited insubstantially any wireless communication technology. Such wirelesscommunication technologies can include UMTS, Code Division MultipleAccess (CDMA), Wi-Fi, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced GPRS, ThirdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP), LTE, Third Generation PartnershipProject 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed Packet Access(HSPA), Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), High-Speed DownlinkPacket Access (HSDPA), High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Zigbee,or another IEEE 802.12 technology. Additionally, substantially allaspects disclosed herein can be exploited in legacy telecommunicationtechnologies.

Described herein are systems, methods, articles of manufacture, andother embodiments or implementations that can facilitate beamformingutilizing interpolation for a 5G network. Facilitating beamformingutilizing interpolation for a 5G network can be implemented inconnection with any type of device with a connection to thecommunications network (e.g., a mobile handset, a computer, a handhelddevice, etc.) any Internet of things (IOT) device (e.g., toaster, coffeemaker, blinds, music players, speakers, etc.), and/or any connectedvehicles (cars, airplanes, space rockets, and/or other at leastpartially automated vehicles (e.g., drones)). In some embodiments thenon-limiting term user equipment (UE) is used. It can refer to any typeof wireless device that communicates with a radio network node in acellular or mobile communication system. Examples of UE are targetdevice, device to device (D2D) UE, machine type UE or UE capable ofmachine to machine (M2M) communication, PDA, Tablet, mobile terminals,smart phone, IOT device, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mountedequipment (LME), USB dongles, etc. The embodiments are applicable tosingle carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrier aggregation(CA) operation of the UE. The term carrier aggregation (CA) is alsocalled (e.g. interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”, “multi-celloperation”, “multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier” transmissionand/or reception.

In some embodiments, the non-limiting term radio network node or simplynetwork node is used. It can refer to any type of network node thatserves a UE or network equipment connected to other network nodes ornetwork elements or any radio node from where UE receives a signal.Non-exhaustive examples of radio network nodes are Node B, base station(BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) node such as MSR BS, eNode B, gNode B,network controller, radio network controller (RNC), base stationcontroller (BSC), relay, donor node controlling relay, base transceiverstation (BTS), edge nodes, edge servers, network access equipment,network access nodes, a connection point to a telecommunicationsnetwork, such as an access point (AP), transmission points, transmissionnodes, RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), etc.

Cloud radio access networks (RAN) can enable the implementation ofconcepts such as software-defined network (SDN) and network functionvirtualization (NFV) in 5G networks. This disclosure can facilitate ageneric channel state information framework design for a 5G network.Certain embodiments of this disclosure can include an SDN controllerthat can control routing of traffic within the network and between thenetwork and traffic destinations. The SDN controller can be merged withthe 5G network architecture to enable service deliveries via openapplication programming interfaces (“APIs”) and move the network coretowards an all internet protocol (“IP”), cloud based, and softwaredriven telecommunications network. The SDN controller can work with, ortake the place of policy and charging rules function (“PCRF”) networkelements so that policies such as quality of service and trafficmanagement and routing can be synchronized and managed end to end.

5G, also called new radio (NR) access, networks can support thefollowing: data rates of several tens of megabits per second supportedfor tens of thousands of users; 1 gigabit per second can be offeredsimultaneously to tens of workers on the same office floor; severalhundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections can be supported formassive sensor deployments; spectral efficiency can be enhanced comparedto 4G; improved coverage; enhanced signaling efficiency; and reducedlatency compared to LTE. In multicarrier systems such as OFDM, eachsubcarrier can occupy bandwidth (e.g., subcarrier spacing). If thecarriers use the same bandwidth spacing, then it can be considered asingle numerology. However, if the carriers occupy different bandwidthand/or spacing, then it can be considered a multiple numerology.

This disclosure discusses disaggregated wireless radio access networks,and in particular, access networks utilizing lower PHY splitarchitecture with open fronthaul between the radio unit and distributedbaseband units. A split architecture is one in which the analogue radiofront-end and the digital baseband processor in a radio are notco-located. Instead, these components are connected via a fronthaultransport network. In particular, these components are connected viafronthaul for massive MIMO or digital beamformed radio architectureswhere the radio unit performs digital beamforming by receiving inputdata and beamforming coefficients from the distributed basebandprocessing unit.

In radio access networks utilizing massive MIMO technology, the radiocontroller can estimate the massive MIMO channel between itself and theuser. Using this massive MIMO channel, the radio unit can then optimizeboth downlink and uplink traffic to and from the spatial direction ofthe user. The spatial direction is not necessarily a 3D directionvector, but is another way to describe the optimal transmission orreceiving beamforming matrix that will maximize the signal power comingfrom or going to the user. Therefore, the baseband system can indicateas best as possible the correct beamforming matrix for the RU to use. Incurrent open fronthaul systems, a single beamforming matrix can be usedfor the entire resource block occupied by the user. A resource block maycontain multiple physical resource blocks (PRBs) that each are a groupof 12 adjacent resource elements (REs) or frequency carriers. However,the single beamforming matrix may not be the optimal matrix for all ofthe REs that are being occupied by the user transmissions. Sending abeamforming matrix for every single RE can require a large amount offronthaul throughput and may not be sustainable for high load scenarioswith typical fronthaul fiber deployments.

Therefore, in this disclosure, the baseband unit can transmit twobeamforming matrices for every contiguous resource block occupied by auser. The radio unit can then interpolate between these two beamformingmatrices for each of the RE inside of the resource block. The basebandunit and the radio unit can agree upon a method of interpolation, saylinear interpolation, that the radio unit can use to generatebeamforming matrices per RE.

The proposed solution allows a split architecture massive MIMO RAN tooptimize the beamforming used to transmit and receive from multipleusers, while using only slightly increasing the fronthaul throughput todo so. Massive MIMO systems typically use frequencies with inherentlylossy transmission (midband and above), and it is critical for coveragereasons that the signal power received from and delivered to the user ismaximized. The proposed solution adds a method to existing openfronthaul specifications to improve user signal to noise ratio (SNR) andconsequently RAN coverage.

For next generation 5G RANs, there is a split between the baseband unitand the radio unit. The baseband unit (DU) can perform the basebandprocessing and the radio unit (RU) can get the signal that it needs totransmit from the baseband unit prior to sending the signal out. The DUand RU can be geographically separate and connected via a packetswitched network. The DU can send the downlink data for the RU totransmit. If there is one transmitter, then the DU can send in phase andquadrature (IQ) data that is needed to be transmitted. However, formassive MIMO, there can be a radio with 64, 128, or 256 transmitters,where it is inefficient to send 256 streams of IQ data. Instead,beamforming can take on spatial stream and multiply it by a 256 elementmatrix to perform directional transmissions once the data has been sentto all 256 antennas. Thus, instead of sending 256 IQ steams, only one IQspatial stream is sent and then the 256 coefficient matrix is sentseparately. Then, the RU can utilize the IQ stream and matrix to performmatrix expansion by multiplication and then generate the 256 signalsthat it needs to transmit on the 256 antennas.

However, for a chunk of data in certain resource elements beaming can beinefficient. For example, if a user is scheduled for eight resourceblocks and the data and beamforming coefficient is sent by the DU butonly one beamforming coefficient is sent, then only one beamformingcoefficient covering eight resource blocks can be inefficient becausethe channel can change over the resource blocks. Thus, when the DUdesigns a beamforming coefficient, it can only design the beamformingcoefficient based on the average channel condition and not necessarilythe channel for each resource block. Therefore, sending one beamformingcoefficient for a user's scheduled frequency region may not besufficient.

Although the channel value can change, it may not change by a lot. Ifone coefficient is not enough, then more than the one coefficient perresource element (RE) can be sent (e.g., sending one for each resourceelement), but that too is not optimal based on the transmission process.However, sending one coefficient at each end of the scheduled regionscan address these inefficiencies. The scheduled region is a block offrequency. In each RB there are 12 contiguous REs. Thus, at the lowest(e.g., first) resource element, the coefficient can be sent, and thenthe coefficient for the highest (e.g., last) resource element can besent. Consequently, the RU can know that the DU is sending thecoefficient at each end and the RU can interpolate between those two ina linear manner. It should be noted that multiple types ofinterpolations can be utilized (e.g., spline, quadratic, piecewise,polynomial, etc.). The interpolation at each end can provide improvedperformance because it is now closer to an optimal solution.

In one embodiment, described herein is a method comprising receiving, bydistributed unit equipment comprising a processor, capability datarepresentative of a capability of radio unit equipment. Based on thecapability data, the method can comprise enabling, by the distributedunit equipment, a feature shared between the distributed unit equipmentand the radio unit equipment, resulting in an enabled feature. Based onthe enabled feature, the method can comprise sending, by the distributedunit equipment to the radio unit equipment, an in-phase quadraticsignal. Furthermore, based on a first resource element and a lastresource element of a contiguous block of resource elements, the methodcan comprise generating, by the distributed unit equipment, matrix datarepresentative of a matrix to be sent to the radio unit equipment.Additionally, in response to generating the matrix data, the method cancomprise sending, by the distributed unit equipment, the matrix data tothe radio unit equipment.

According to another embodiment, a system can facilitate, receivingcapability data representative of a capability of radio unit equipment.Based on the capability data, the system can comprise enabling a featureshared between distributed unit equipment and the radio unit equipment,resulting in an enabled feature. The system can facilitate using theenabled feature, transmitting an in-phase quadratic signal to the radiounit equipment. Based on a first resource element value and a lastresource element value associated with a resource element block, thesystem can facilitate generating a matrix to be sent to the radio unitequipment. Furthermore, in response generating the matrix, the systemcan facilitate transmitting matrix data representative of the matrix tothe radio unit equipment.

According to yet another embodiment, described herein is amachine-readable medium that can perform the operations comprisingreceiving capability data representative of a capability of a radiounit. Based on the capability data, the machine-readable medium canperform the operations comprising enabling a feature shared between adistributed unit and the radio unit, resulting in an enabled feature.Based on the enabled feature, the machine-readable medium can performthe operations comprising transmitting an in-phase quadratic signal tothe radio unit. Additionally, based on a first resource element valueand a last resource element value of contiguous resource element blocks,the machine-readable medium can perform the operations comprisinggenerating matrix data representative of a matrix to be sent to theradio unit. Furthermore, in response generating the matrix, themachine-readable medium can perform the operations comprisingtransmitting the matrix data to the radio unit.

These and other embodiments or implementations are described in moredetail below with reference to the drawings.

Referring now to FIG. 1 , illustrated is an example wirelesscommunication system 100 in accordance with various aspects andembodiments of the subject disclosure. In one or more embodiments,system 100 can include one or more user equipment UEs 102. Thenon-limiting term user equipment can refer to any type of device thatcan communicate with a network node in a cellular or mobilecommunication system. A UE can have one or more antenna panels havingvertical and horizontal elements. Examples of a UE include a targetdevice, device to device (D2D) UE, machine type UE or UE capable ofmachine to machine (M2M) communications, personal digital assistant(PDA), tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop mounted equipment(LME), universal serial bus (USB) dongles enabled for mobilecommunications, a computer having mobile capabilities, a mobile devicesuch as cellular phone, a laptop having laptop embedded equipment (LEE,such as a mobile broadband adapter), a tablet computer having a mobilebroadband adapter, a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, aheads-up display (HUD) device, a smart car, a machine-type communication(MTC) device, and the like. User equipment UE 102 can also include IOTdevices that communicate wirelessly.

In various embodiments, system 100 is or includes a wirelesscommunication network serviced by one or more wireless communicationnetwork providers. In example embodiments, a UE 102 can becommunicatively coupled to the wireless communication network via anetwork node 104. The network node (e.g., network node device) cancommunicate with user equipment (UE), thus providing connectivitybetween the UE and the wider cellular network. The UE 102 can sendtransmission type recommendation data to the network node 104. Thetransmission type recommendation data can include a recommendation totransmit data via a closed loop MIMO mode and/or a rank-1 precoder mode.

A network node can have a cabinet and other protected enclosures, anantenna mast, and multiple antennas for performing various transmissionoperations (e.g., MIMO operations). Network nodes can serve severalcells, also called sectors, depending on the configuration and type ofantenna. In example embodiments, the UE 102 can send and/or receivecommunication data via a wireless link to the network node 104. Thedashed arrow lines from the network node 104 to the UE 102 representdownlink (DL) communications and the solid arrow lines from the UE 102to the network nodes 104 represents an uplink (UL) communication.

System 100 can further include one or more communication serviceprovider networks 106 that facilitate providing wireless communicationservices to various UEs, including UE 102, via the network node 104and/or various additional network devices (not shown) included in theone or more communication service provider networks 106. The one or morecommunication service provider networks 106 can include various types ofdisparate networks, including but not limited to: cellular networks,femto networks, picocell networks, microcell networks, internet protocol(IP) networks Wi-Fi service networks, broadband service network,enterprise networks, cloud based networks, and the like. For example, inat least one implementation, system 100 can be or include a large scalewireless communication network that spans various geographic areas.According to this implementation, the one or more communication serviceprovider networks 106 can be or include the wireless communicationnetwork and/or various additional devices and components of the wirelesscommunication network (e.g., additional network devices and cell,additional UEs, network server devices, etc.). The network node 104 canbe connected to the one or more communication service provider networks106 via one or more backhaul links 108. For example, the one or morebackhaul links 108 can include wired link components, such as a T1/E1phone line, a digital subscriber line (DSL) (e.g., either synchronous orasynchronous), an asymmetric DSL (ADSL), an optical fiber backbone, acoaxial cable, and the like. The one or more backhaul links 108 can alsoinclude wireless link components, such as but not limited to,line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS links which can include terrestrialair-interfaces or deep space links (e.g., satellite communication linksfor navigation).

Wireless communication system 100 can employ various cellular systems,technologies, and modulation modes to facilitate wireless radiocommunications between devices (e.g., the UE 102 and the network node104). While example embodiments might be described for 5G new radio (NR)systems, the embodiments can be applicable to any radio accesstechnology (RAT) or multi-RAT system where the UE operates usingmultiple carriers e.g. LTE FDD/TDD, GSM/GERAN, CDMA2000 etc.

For example, system 100 can operate in accordance with global system formobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications service(UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), LTE frequency division duplexing (LTEFDD, LTE time division duplexing (TDD), high speed packet access (HSPA),code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCMDA), CDMA2000,time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access(FDMA), multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA),single-carrier code division multiple access (SC-CDMA), single-carrierFDMA (SC-FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM),discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-spread OFDM) single carrierFDMA (SC-FDMA), Filter bank based multi-carrier (FBMC), zero tailDFT-spread-OFDM (ZT DFT-s-OFDM), generalized frequency divisionmultiplexing (GFDM), fixed mobile convergence (FMC), universal fixedmobile convergence (UFMC), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), unique wordDFT-spread OFDM (UW DFT-Spread-OFDM), cyclic prefix OFDM CP-OFDM,resource-block-filtered OFDM, Wi Fi, WLAN, WiMax, and the like. However,various features and functionalities of system 100 are particularlydescribed wherein the devices (e.g., the UEs 102 and the network device104) of system 100 are configured to communicate wireless signals usingone or more multi carrier modulation schemes, wherein data symbols canbe transmitted simultaneously over multiple frequency subcarriers (e.g.,OFDM, CP-OFDM, DFT-spread OFMD, UFMC, FMBC, etc.). The embodiments areapplicable to single carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrieraggregation (CA) operation of the UE. The term carrier aggregation (CA)is also called (e.g. interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”,“multi-cell operation”, “multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier”transmission and/or reception. Note that some embodiments are alsoapplicable for Multi RAB (radio bearers) on some carriers (that is dataplus speech is simultaneously scheduled).

In various embodiments, system 100 can be configured to provide andemploy 5G wireless networking features and functionalities. 5G wirelesscommunication networks are expected to fulfill the demand ofexponentially increasing data traffic and to allow people and machinesto enjoy gigabit data rates with virtually zero latency. Compared to 4G,5G supports more diverse traffic scenarios. For example, in addition tothe various types of data communication between conventional UEs (e.g.,phones, smartphones, tablets, PCs, televisions, Internet enabledtelevisions, etc.) supported by 4G networks, 5G networks can be employedto support data communication between smart cars in association withdriverless car environments, as well as machine type communications(MTCs). Considering the drastic different communication demands of thesedifferent traffic scenarios, the ability to dynamically configurewaveform parameters based on traffic scenarios while retaining thebenefits of multi carrier modulation schemes (e.g., OFDM and relatedschemes) can provide a significant contribution to the highspeed/capacity and low latency demands of 5G networks. With waveformsthat split the bandwidth into several sub-bands, different types ofservices can be accommodated in different sub-bands with the mostsuitable waveform and numerology, leading to an improved spectrumutilization for 5G networks.

To meet the demand for data centric applications, features of proposed5G networks may include: increased peak bit rate (e.g., 20 Gbps), largerdata volume per unit area (e.g., high system spectral efficiency—forexample about 3.5 times that of spectral efficiency of long termevolution (LTE) systems), high capacity that allows more deviceconnectivity both concurrently and instantaneously, lower battery/powerconsumption (which reduces energy and consumption costs), betterconnectivity regardless of the geographic region in which a user islocated, a larger numbers of devices, lower infrastructural developmentcosts, and higher reliability of the communications. Thus, 5G networksmay allow for: data rates of several tens of megabits per second shouldbe supported for tens of thousands of users, 1 gigabit per second to beoffered simultaneously to tens of workers on the same office floor, forexample; several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections to besupported for massive sensor deployments; improved coverage, enhancedsignaling efficiency; reduced latency compared to LTE.

The 5G access network may utilize higher frequencies (e.g., >6 GHz) toaid in increasing capacity. Currently, much of the millimeter wave(mmWave) spectrum, the band of spectrum between 30 gigahertz (GHz) and300 GHz is underutilized. The millimeter waves have shorter wavelengthsthat range from 10 millimeters to 1 millimeter, and these mmWave signalsexperience severe path loss, penetration loss, and fading. However, theshorter wavelength at mmWave frequencies also allows more antennas to bepacked in the same physical dimension, which allows for large-scalespatial multiplexing and highly directional beamforming.

Performance can be improved if both the transmitter and the receiver areequipped with multiple antennas. Multi-antenna techniques cansignificantly increase the data rates and reliability of a wirelesscommunication system. The use of multiple input multiple output (MIMO)techniques, which was introduced in the third-generation partnershipproject (3GPP) and has been in use (including with LTE), is amulti-antenna technique that can improve the spectral efficiency oftransmissions, thereby significantly boosting the overall data carryingcapacity of wireless systems. The use of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) techniques can improve mmWave communications, and has been widelyrecognized a potentially important component for access networksoperating in higher frequencies. MIMO can be used for achievingdiversity gain, spatial multiplexing gain and beamforming gain. Forthese reasons, MIMO systems are an important part of the 3rd and 4thgeneration wireless systems, and are planned for use in 5G systems.

Referring now to FIG. 2 , illustrated is an example schematic systemblock diagram of a cloud radio access network architecture 200 accordingto one or more embodiments. The cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) alsocalled centralized RAN is a cellular architecture where the basebanddigital units (DU) 204 can be centralized as a virtual resource pool andthe remote radio units (RU) 206 can be located at places which are up toseveral miles away from the DU 204 and or centralized unit (CU) 202.FIG. 2 depicts the block diagram of the C-RAN. The link between DU 204and the RU 206 is called a front haul.

In an embodiment, there can be a CU 202 that performs upper level mediumaccess control (MAC), a DU 204 that performs lower level MAC andphysical layer functionality, and an RU 206 that can transmit andreceive RF signals and convert analog signals to digital signals andvice versa. Each of the CU 202, DU 204, and RU 206 can be linked via afiber optical network or other high bandwidth front haul network. Toreduce complexity and bandwidth, the transmissions sent between the CU202, DU 204, and RU 206 can be digital, so the RU 206 can receive analogsignals and convert the analog RF signals to digital before transmittingto the DU 204. Similarly, the RU 206 can receive a digital transmissioncomprising the IQ data and beamforming coefficients, perform the digitalbeamforming, and perform a digital to analog conversion at the RU 206.

The network node 104 can employ beamforming when transmitting to the UE102. Beamforming is a signal processing technique used in sensor arraysfor directional signal transmission or reception. This is achieved bycombining elements in an antenna array in such a way that signals atparticular angles experience constructive interference while othersexperience destructive interference.

Beamforming can be used at both the transmitting and receiving ends inorder to achieve spatial selectivity. The improvement compared withomnidirectional reception/transmission is known as the directivity ofthe array. In the wireless communications context, a traffic-signalingsystem for cellular base stations that identifies the most efficientdata-delivery route to a particular user, and it reduces interferencefor nearby users in the process. Depending on the situation and thetechnology, there are several ways to implement it in 5G networks.

Beamforming can help massive MIMO arrays, which are base stationsarrayed with dozens or hundreds of individual antennas, to make moreefficient use of the spectrum around them. The primary challenge formassive MIMO is to reduce interference while transmitting moreinformation from many more antennas at once. At massive MIMO basestations, signal-processing algorithms plot the best transmission routethrough the air to each user. Then they can send individual data packetsin many different directions, bouncing them off buildings and otherobjects in a precisely coordinated pattern. By choreographing thepackets' movements and arrival time, beamforming allows many users andantennas on a massive MIMO array to exchange much more information atonce. During beamforming, a data stream can be used to generate multipledata streams, each corresponding to an antenna port, and the datastreams can each be modified based on a beamforming vector.

Frequency modulated IQ data can have “L” CSI-RS ports, where L is thenumber of layers associated with the data, and F tones beforebeamforming A=L×F matrix). After beamforming, the IQ data has P ports(each antenna) and F tones (B=P×F matrix). In digital beamforming, P2 isa P×L matrix where the rows of the matrix correspond to the number ofports, and columns correspond to the number of layers. This means thatB=P2×A.

Referring now to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , illustrated is an example schematicsystem block diagram of a messaging format for beamforming weightsaccording to one or more embodiments.

In Table 300, the string “bfwCompHdr” can be used to represent acompression type indicator. Thusly, values (e.g., values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,etc.) can be chosen to indicate interpolated beamforming. The string“bfwCompParam” can be used to indicate which interpolation method isbeing used and any potential tuning parameters associated with theinterpolation method. For example, for interpolated weight transmission,the beamforming weights can be indicated in the manner depicted in FIG.3 . Additionally, the beamforming wave compression header (e.g.,bfwCompHdr) can be utilized to determine the type of compression to beused.

As outlined in this disclosure, agreement of the interpolation metric tobe used can be based on the compression type and/or any parametersrelated to the compression. As opposed to FIG. 3 , the Table 400 in FIG.4 illustrates that the I and Q weights can be sent at the beginning(e.g., first RE) of the resource block (e.g., bfwIstart, bfwQstart) andthe I and Q weights can be sent at the ending (e.g., last RE) of theresource block (e.g., bfwIend, bfwQend).

Referring now to FIG. 5 illustrates an example schematic system blockdiagram of an interpolation process according to one or moreembodiments.

During initial configuration, at block 500, the DU 204 receive data fromthe RU 206 and they can agree on which type of interpolation to perform.For example, the RU 206 and the DU 204 can each provide the other unitwith the types of capabilities that each support. The capabilities thatboth the RU 206 and the DU 204 can support then become the features thatthe DU 204 can enable. Some capabilities can be optional and othercapabilities can be mandatory. If the RU 206 and DU 204 do not have thesame optional capabilities, then they can just not use that feature.However, if the capability is a mandatory capability, then both the RU206 and the DU 204 must support the capability or they would benon-compliant to the standard. Consequently, if the capability is notsupported by the RU 206 and/or the DU 204 at block 502, then use of sucha capability can be disabled, for purposes of this disclosure, at block504. However, if the capability is supported by the RU 206 and/or the DU204 at block 502, then the DU 204 can send IQ data to the RU 206 atblock 506 and generate matrix based on the first RE and the last RE atblock 508. Thereafter, the DU 204 can send the beamforming matrices tothe RU 206, at block 510, based on knowledge of the RF channel of the UE102 that the RU is trying to beamform to.

Referring now to FIG. 6 , illustrated is an example flow diagram for amethod for facilitating beamforming utilizing interpolation for a 5Gnetwork according to one or more embodiments.

At element 600, the method can comprise receiving, by distributed unitequipment comprising a processor, capability data representative of acapability of radio unit equipment. Based on the capability data, atelement 602, the method can comprise enabling, by the distributed unitequipment, a feature shared between the distributed unit equipment andthe radio unit equipment, resulting in an enabled feature. Based on theenabled feature, at element 604, the method can comprise sending, by thedistributed unit equipment to the radio unit equipment, an in-phasequadratic signal. Furthermore, at element 606, based on a first resourceelement and a last resource element of a contiguous block of resourceelements, the method can comprise generating, by the distributed unitequipment, matrix data representative of a matrix to be sent to theradio unit equipment. Additionally, at element 608, in response togenerating the matrix data, the method can comprise sending, by thedistributed unit equipment, the matrix data to the radio unit equipment.

Referring now to FIG. 7 , illustrated is an example flow diagram for asystem for facilitating beamforming utilizing interpolation for a 5Gnetwork according to one or more embodiments.

At element 700, the system can facilitate receiving capability datarepresentative of a capability of radio unit equipment. Based on thecapability data, at element 702 the system can comprise enabling afeature shared between distributed unit equipment and the radio unitequipment, resulting in an enabled feature. At element 704, the systemcan facilitate using the enabled feature, transmitting an in-phasequadratic signal to the radio unit equipment. Based on a first resourceelement value and a last resource element value associated with aresource element block, at element 706, the system can facilitategenerating a matrix to be sent to the radio unit equipment. Furthermore,in response generating the matrix, at element 708, the system canfacilitate transmitting matrix data representative of the matrix to theradio unit equipment.

Referring now to FIG. 8 , illustrated is an example flow diagram for amachine-readable medium for facilitating beamforming utilizinginterpolation for a 5G network according to one or more embodiments.

At element 800, the machine-readable medium that can perform theoperations comprising receiving capability data representative of acapability of a radio unit. Based on the capability data, at element802, the machine-readable medium can perform the operations comprisingenabling a feature shared between a distributed unit and the radio unit,resulting in an enabled feature. Based on the enabled feature, atelement 804, the machine-readable medium can perform the operationscomprising transmitting an in-phase quadratic signal to the radio unit.Additionally, based on a first resource element value and a lastresource element value of contiguous resource element blocks, at element806, the machine-readable medium can perform the operations comprisinggenerating matrix data representative of a matrix to be sent to theradio unit. Furthermore, in response generating the matrix, at element808, the machine-readable medium can perform the operations comprisingtransmitting the matrix data to the radio unit.

Referring now to FIG. 9 , illustrated is a schematic block diagram of anexemplary end-user device such as a mobile device 900 capable ofconnecting to a network in accordance with some embodiments describedherein. Although a mobile handset 900 is illustrated herein, it will beunderstood that other devices can be a mobile device, and that themobile handset 900 is merely illustrated to provide context for theembodiments of the various embodiments described herein. The followingdiscussion is intended to provide a brief, general description of anexample of a suitable environment 900 in which the various embodimentscan be implemented. While the description includes a general context ofcomputer-executable instructions embodied on a machine-readable medium,those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation also can beimplemented in combination with other program modules and/or as acombination of hardware and software.

Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) can include routines,programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particulartasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein canbe practiced with other system configurations, includingsingle-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframecomputers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices,microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like,each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associateddevices.

A computing device can typically include a variety of machine-readablemedia. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can beaccessed by the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatilemedia, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and notlimitation, computer-readable media can include computer storage mediaand communication media. Computer storage media can include volatileand/or non-volatile media, removable and/or non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage of information, suchas computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules orother data. Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to,RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD ROM,digital video disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store thedesired information and which can be accessed by the computer.

Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated datasignal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includesany information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example,and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as awired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such asacoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the anyof the above should also be included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

The handset 900 includes a processor 902 for controlling and processingall onboard operations and functions. A memory 904 interfaces to theprocessor 902 for storage of data and one or more applications 906(e.g., a video player software, user feedback component software, etc.).Other applications can include voice recognition of predetermined voicecommands that facilitate initiation of the user feedback signals. Theapplications 906 can be stored in the memory 904 and/or in a firmware908, and executed by the processor 902 from either or both the memory904 or/and the firmware 908. The firmware 908 can also store startupcode for execution in initializing the handset 900. A communicationscomponent 910 interfaces to the processor 902 to facilitatewired/wireless communication with external systems, e.g., cellularnetworks, VoIP networks, and so on. Here, the communications component910 can also include a suitable cellular transceiver 911 (e.g., a GSMtransceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver 913 (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax)for corresponding signal communications. The handset 900 can be a devicesuch as a cellular telephone, a PDA with mobile communicationscapabilities, and messaging-centric devices. The communicationscomponent 910 also facilitates communications reception from terrestrialradio networks (e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radio networks, andInternet-based radio services networks.

The handset 900 includes a display 912 for displaying text, images,video, telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function), setupfunctions, and for user input. For example, the display 912 can also bereferred to as a “screen” that can accommodate the presentation ofmultimedia content (e.g., music metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics,etc.). The display 912 can also display videos and can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A serial I/O interface914 is provided in communication with the processor 902 to facilitatewired and/or wireless serial communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE1394) through a hardwire connection, and other serial input devices(e.g., a keyboard, keypad, and mouse). This supports updating andtroubleshooting the handset 900, for example. Audio capabilities areprovided with an audio I/O component 916, which can include a speakerfor the output of audio signals related to, for example, indication thatthe user pressed the proper key or key combination to initiate the userfeedback signal. The audio I/O component 916 also facilitates the inputof audio signals through a microphone to record data and/or telephonyvoice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone conversations.

The handset 900 can include a slot interface 918 for accommodating a SIC(Subscriber Identity Component) in the form factor of a card SubscriberIdentity Module (SIM) or universal SIM 920, and interfacing the SIM card920 with the processor 902. However, it is to be appreciated that theSIM card 920 can be manufactured into the handset 900, and updated bydownloading data and software.

The handset 900 can process IP data traffic through the communicationcomponent 910 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network such as, forexample, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a personarea network, etc., through an ISP or broadband cable provider. Thus,VoIP traffic can be utilized by the handset 900 and IP-based multimediacontent can be received in either an encoded or decoded format.

A video processing component 922 (e.g., a camera) can be provided fordecoding encoded multimedia content. The video processing component 922can aid in facilitating the generation, editing and sharing of videoquotes. The handset 900 also includes a power source 924 in the form ofbatteries and/or an AC power subsystem, which power source 924 caninterface to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown)by a power I/O component 926.

The handset 900 can also include a video component 930 for processingvideo content received and, for recording and transmitting videocontent. For example, the video component 930 can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A location trackingcomponent 932 facilitates geographically locating the handset 900. Asdescribed hereinabove, this can occur when the user initiates thefeedback signal automatically or manually. A user input component 934facilitates the user initiating the quality feedback signal. The userinput component 934 can also facilitate the generation, editing andsharing of video quotes. The user input component 934 can include suchconventional input device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard,mouse, stylus pen, and/or touch screen, for example.

Referring again to the applications 906, a hysteresis component 936facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis data, which isutilized to determine when to associate with the access point. Asoftware trigger component 938 can be provided that facilitatestriggering of the hysteresis component 938 when the Wi-Fi transceiver913 detects the beacon of the access point. A SIP client 940 enables thehandset 900 to support SIP protocols and register the subscriber withthe SIP registrar server. The applications 906 can also include a client942 that provides at least the capability of discovery, play and storeof multimedia content, for example, music.

The handset 900, as indicated above related to the communicationscomponent 910, includes an indoor network radio transceiver 913 (e.g.,Wi-Fi transceiver). This function supports the indoor radio link, suchas IEEE 802.11, for the dual-mode GSM handset 900. The handset 900 canaccommodate at least satellite radio services through a handset that cancombine wireless voice and digital radio chipsets into a single handhelddevice.

In order to provide additional context for various embodiments describedherein, FIG. 10 and the following discussion are intended to provide abrief, general description of a suitable computing environment 1000 inwhich the various embodiments of the embodiment described herein can beimplemented. While the embodiments have been described above in thegeneral context of computer-executable instructions that can run on oneor more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that theembodiments can be also implemented in combination with other programmodules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the disclosed methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, Internet of Things (IoT)devices, distributed computing systems, as well as personal computers,hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmableconsumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operativelycoupled to one or more associated devices.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be alsopracticed in distributed computing environments where certain tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which caninclude computer-readable media, machine-readable media, and/orcommunications media, which two terms are used herein differently fromone another as follows. Computer-readable media or machine-readablemedia can be any available media that can be accessed by the computerand includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable andnon-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation,computer-readable media or machine-readable media can be implemented inconnection with any method or technology for storage of information suchas computer-readable or machine-readable instructions, program modules,structured data or unstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to,random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or othermemory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digitalversatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BD) or other optical disk storage,magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or othermagnetic storage devices, solid state drives or other solid statestorage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which canbe used to store desired information. In this regard, the terms“tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory orcomputer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude onlypropagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquishrights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media thatare not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local orremote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or otherdata retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect tothe information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information deliveryor transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refersto a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changedin such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By wayof example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media,such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless mediasuch as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

With reference again to FIG. 10 , the example environment 1000 forimplementing various embodiments of the aspects described hereinincludes a computer 1002, the computer 1002 including a processing unit1004, a system memory 1006 and a system bus 1008. The system bus 1008couples system components including, but not limited to, the systemmemory 1006 to the processing unit 1004. The processing unit 1004 can beany of various commercially available processors. Dual microprocessorsand other multi-processor architectures can also be employed as theprocessing unit 1004.

The system bus 1008 can be any of several types of bus structure thatcan further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 1006includes ROM 1010 and RAM 1012. A basic input/output system (BIOS) canbe stored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmableread only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routinesthat help to transfer information between elements within the computer1002, such as during startup. The RAM 1012 can also include a high-speedRAM such as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 1002 further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD)1014 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), one or more external storage devices 1016(e.g., a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 1016, a memory stick or flashdrive reader, a memory card reader, etc.) and an optical disk drive 1020(e.g., which can read or write from a CD-ROM disc, a DVD, a BD, etc.).While the internal HDD 1014 is illustrated as located within thecomputer 1002, the internal HDD 1014 can also be configured for externaluse in a suitable chassis (not shown). Additionally, while not shown inenvironment 1000, a solid state drive (SSD) could be used in additionto, or in place of, an HDD 1014. The HDD 1014, external storagedevice(s) 1016 and optical disk drive 1020 can be connected to thesystem bus 1008 by an HDD interface 1024, an external storage interface1026 and an optical drive interface 1028, respectively. The interface1024 for external drive implementations can include at least one or bothof Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other externaldrive connection technologies are within contemplation of theembodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 1002, the drives andstorage media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digitalformat. Although the description of computer-readable storage mediaabove refers to respective types of storage devices, it should beappreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of storagemedia which are readable by a computer, whether presently existing ordeveloped in the future, could also be used in the example operatingenvironment, and further, that any such storage media can containcomputer-executable instructions for performing the methods describedherein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 1012,including an operating system 1030, one or more application programs1032, other program modules 1034 and program data 1036. All or portionsof the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 1012. The systems and methods described herein can beimplemented utilizing various commercially available operating systemsor combinations of operating systems.

Computer 1002 can optionally include emulation technologies. Forexample, a hypervisor (not shown) or other intermediary can emulate ahardware environment for operating system 1030, and the emulatedhardware can optionally be different from the hardware illustrated inFIG. 10 . In such an embodiment, operating system 1030 can include onevirtual machine (VM) of multiple VMs hosted at computer 1002.Furthermore, operating system 1030 can provide runtime environments,such as the Java runtime environment or the .NET framework, forapplications 1032. Runtime environments are consistent executionenvironments that allow applications 1032 to run on any operating systemthat includes the runtime environment. Similarly, operating system 1030can support containers, and applications 1032 can be in the form ofcontainers, which are lightweight, standalone, executable packages ofsoftware that include, e.g., code, runtime, system tools, systemlibraries and settings for an application.

Further, computer 1002 can be enable with a security module, such as atrusted processing module (TPM). For instance with a TPM, bootcomponents hash next in time boot components, and wait for a match ofresults to secured values, before loading a next boot component. Thisprocess can take place at any layer in the code execution stack ofcomputer 1002, e.g., applied at the application execution level or atthe operating system (OS) kernel level, thereby enabling security at anylevel of code execution.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 1002 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 1038, a touchscreen 1040, and a pointing device, such as a mouse 1042. Other inputdevices (not shown) can include a microphone, an infrared (IR) remotecontrol, a radio frequency (RF) remote control, or other remote control,a joystick, a virtual reality controller and/or virtual reality headset,a game pad, a stylus pen, an image input device, e.g., camera(s), agesture sensor input device, a vision movement sensor input device, anemotion or facial detection device, a biometric input device, e.g.,fingerprint or iris scanner, or the like. These and other input devicesare often connected to the processing unit 1004 through an input deviceinterface 1044 that can be coupled to the system bus 1008, but can beconnected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, a BLUETOOTH®interface, etc.

A monitor 1046 or other type of display device can be also connected tothe system bus 1008 via an interface, such as a video adapter 1048. Inaddition to the monitor 1046, a computer typically includes otherperipheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 1002 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 1050. The remotecomputer(s) 1050 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallyincludes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer1002, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device1052 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted includewired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 1054 and/orlarger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 1056. Such LAN and WANnetworking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, andfacilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all ofwhich can connect to a global communications network, e.g., theInternet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1002 can beconnected to the local network 1054 through a wired and/or wirelesscommunication network interface or adapter 1058. The adapter 1058 canfacilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 1054, which canalso include a wireless access point (AP) disposed thereon forcommunicating with the adapter 1058 in a wireless mode.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1002 can includea modem 1060 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN1056 via other means for establishing communications over the WAN 1056,such as by way of the Internet. The modem 1060, which can be internal orexternal and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the systembus 1008 via the input device interface 1044. In a networkedenvironment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 1002 orportions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device1052. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown areexample and other means of establishing a communications link betweenthe computers can be used.

When used in either a LAN or WAN networking environment, the computer1002 can access cloud storage systems or other network-based storagesystems in addition to, or in place of, external storage devices 1016 asdescribed above. Generally, a connection between the computer 1002 and acloud storage system can be established over a LAN 1054 or WAN 1056e.g., by the adapter 1058 or modem 1060, respectively. Upon connectingthe computer 1002 to an associated cloud storage system, the externalstorage interface 1026 can, with the aid of the adapter 1058 and/ormodem 1060, manage storage provided by the cloud storage system as itwould other types of external storage. For instance, the externalstorage interface 1026 can be configured to provide access to cloudstorage sources as if those sources were physically connected to thecomputer 1002.

The computer 1002 can be operable to communicate with any wirelessdevices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication,e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portabledata assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment orlocation associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk,news stand, store shelf, etc.), and telephone. This can include WirelessFidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, thecommunication can be a predefined structure as with a conventionalnetwork or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

The computer is operable to communicate with any wireless devices orentities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., aprinter, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable dataassistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or locationassociated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand,restroom), and telephone. This includes at least Wi-Fi and Bluetooth™wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefinedstructure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoccommunication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the Internet from acouch at home, a bed in a hotel room, or a conference room at work,without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in acell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send andreceive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a basestation. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b,g, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. AWi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to theInternet, and to wired networks (which use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet).Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands, atan 11 Mbps (802.11a) or 54 Mbps (802.11b) data rate, for example, orwith products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks canprovide real-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wiredEthernet networks used in many offices.

The above description of illustrated embodiments of the subjectdisclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intendedto be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the preciseforms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are describedherein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possiblethat are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples,as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize.

In this regard, while the subject matter has been described herein inconnection with various embodiments and corresponding FIGs, whereapplicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can beused or modifications and additions can be made to the describedembodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitutefunction of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom.Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to anysingle embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed inbreadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: facilitating, by radio unitequipment comprising a processor, receiving, from distributed unitequipment, a message comprising beamforming matrices associated with acontiguous group of resource elements, the beamforming matricescomprising a first beamforming matrix associated with a first resourceelement of the contiguous group of resource elements and a secondbeamforming matrix associated with a last resource element of thecontiguous group of resource elements; determining, by the radio unitequipment, interpolated beamforming matrices for respective resourceelements, of the contiguous group of resource elements and differentfrom the first resource element and the last resource element, based onthe first beamforming matrix and the second beamforming matrix; andfacilitating, by the radio unit equipment, transmitting, to a userequipment, a beamformed signal based on the first beamforming matrix,the interpolated beamforming matrices, and the second beamformingmatrix.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the message indicates aninterpolation type associated with the interpolated beamformingmatrices.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the interpolation type islinear interpolation.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein theinterpolation type is selected from a group of interpolation typescomprising spline interpolation, quadratic interpolation, piecewiseinterpolation, and polynomial interpolation.
 5. The method of claim 2,further comprising: facilitating, by the radio unit equipment,transmitting, to the distributed unit equipment, information indicativeof respective interpolation types, comprising the interpolation type,supported by the radio unit equipment, wherein the receiving of themessage from the distributed unit equipment is in response to thetransmitting of the information.
 6. The method of claim 2, wherein theinterpolation type associated with the interpolated beamforming matricesis indicated by a value of a compression parameters field of themessage.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the message comprises acompression header field, and wherein the determining of theinterpolated beamforming matrices is in response to a value of thecompression header field being determined to be equal to a definedvalue.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio unit equipment andthe distributed unit equipment are communicatively coupled via afronthaul network.
 9. A system, comprising: a processor; and a memorythat stores executable instructions that, when executed by theprocessor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising: receiving,from network equipment, a message comprising beamforming matricesassociated with a contiguous group of resource elements designated for auser transmission, the beamforming matrices comprising a firstbeamforming matrix associated with a first resource element of thecontiguous group of resource elements and a second beamforming matrixassociated with a last resource element of the contiguous group ofresource elements; determining interpolated beamforming matrices forrespective resource elements, of the contiguous group of resourceelements and different from the first resource element and the lastresource element, based on the first beamforming matrix and the secondbeamforming matrix; and conducting the user transmission according tothe first beamforming matrix, the interpolated beamforming matrices, andthe second beamforming matrix.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein themessage indicates an interpolation type associated with the interpolatedbeamforming matrices.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein theinterpolation type is linear interpolation.
 12. The system of claim 10,wherein the operations further comprise: transmitting, to the networkequipment, information indicative of respective interpolation types,comprising the interpolation type, supported by the system, wherein thereceiving of the message from the network equipment is in response tothe transmitting of the information.
 13. The system of claim 10, whereinthe interpolation type associated with the interpolated beamformingmatrices is indicated by a value of a compression parameters field ofthe message.
 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the message comprises acompression header field, and wherein the determining of theinterpolated beamforming matrices is in response to a value of thecompression header field being determined to match a defined value. 15.A non-transitory machine-readable medium, comprising executableinstructions that, when executed by a processor of radio unit equipment,facilitate performance of operations, comprising: receiving, from firstnetwork equipment, a message comprising beamforming matrices associatedwith a contiguous group of resource elements, the beamforming matricescomprising a first beamforming matrix associated with a first resourceelement of the contiguous group of resource elements and a secondbeamforming matrix associated with a last resource element of thecontiguous group of resource elements; interpolating intermediatebeamforming matrices for respective resource elements, of the contiguousgroup of resource elements and different from the first resource elementand the last resource element, based on the first beamforming matrix andthe second beamforming matrix; and transmitting, to second networkequipment that is distinct from the first network equipment, abeamformed signal according to the first beamforming matrix, theintermediate beamforming matrices, and the second beamforming matrix.16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein themessage indicates an interpolation type associated with theinterpolating.
 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim16, wherein the interpolation type is linear interpolation.
 18. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein theoperations further comprise: transmitting, to the first networkequipment, capability information indicative of respective interpolationtypes, comprising the interpolation type, supported by the radio unitequipment, wherein the receiving of the message is in response to thetransmitting of the capability information.
 19. The non-transitorymachine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the interpolation type isindicated by a value of a compression parameters field of the message.20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein themessage comprises a compression header field, and wherein theinterpolating is in response to a value of the compression header fieldbeing determined to be satisfy a function with respect to a definedvalue.